Cats' fondness for catnip (Nepeta cataria) is primarily due to a compound called nepetalactone, which is found in the leaves and stems of the plant. Here’s a detailed explanation of why cats enjoy catnip:

• Chemical Reaction: Nepetalactone interacts with the olfactory (smell) receptors in a cat’s nose. This interaction triggers a neurological response, often resulting in behaviors such as rolling, rubbing, licking, and purring.

• Genetic Predisposition: Sensitivity to catnip is hereditary. Approximately 50-75% of cats are affected by catnip, while the remaining percentage show no reaction. Kittens and older cats are less likely to respond to catnip.

• Euphoric Effects: When cats sniff catnip, nepetalactone binds to receptors inside their noses, which then stimulates sensory neurons leading to the brain. This stimulation often causes a temporary euphoric or hallucinogenic effect, akin to how humans might feel under the influence of certain drugs. Typical behavioral responses include:

  • Excitement: Jumping, rolling, and playing energetically.
  • Calmness: After the initial excitement, some cats may become very relaxed or even sedate.
  • Increased Affection: Some cats might become more affectionate towards their owners.
• Duration: The effects of catnip usually last about 10 to 15 minutes. After this period, cats typically become temporarily immune to the effects of catnip for about 30 minutes to an hour.
  
• Safety: Catnip is non-addictive and safe for cats. There are no known long-term side effects, and it is not harmful if ingested in moderate amounts.